Warning system for animal farrowing operations

ABSTRACT

A vibratory detector for detecting a vibratory signal from one or more feeders. A processor is in communication with the vibratory detector and configured for determining from at least one characteristic of the vibratory signal a possible action event, and for determining from a pattern of possible action events a likely action event. A warning device is in communication with the processor for providing an output in response to the likely action event. In an embodiment, the at least one characteristic of the vibratory signal can comprise the frequency or magnitude of the vibratory signal.

This Application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/751,924, filed Feb. 12, 2018, which is a National Stage Entry ofPCT/US2016/054145, filed Sep. 28, 2016, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/234,449 filed on Sep. 29, 2015and 62/350,021 filed on Jun. 14, 2016, the contents of each of which arehereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates to a warning system for animal farrowingoperations, and more specifically, this disclosure relates to a systemwith a vibratory detector and pattern recognition to identify when afeeder, (e.g., a nursing piglet) is in danger of being crushed by itsmother.

In animal farrowing, there is always the problem of the mother crushingthe newly born feeder when the mother lies down or when, while lyingdown, she changes from one position to another; for example, pre-weanedpiglet mortality, as a result of being crushed by the sow in a farrowingenclosure, accounts for a 7% to 10% loss of all piglets that arefarrowed, This loss translates into reduced potential profits for thepork producer.

Attempts have been made to solve this problem with electrical orelectronic sensing and warning devices that detect noise from thesquealing feeder followed by an electric shock to the mother to causeher to switch positions, hopefully off of the endangered feeder. Suchdevices have previously relied on a stored acoustical signal of asquealing feeder to compare with the sound from the endangered,squealing feeder. Feeders, however, rarely make the same sound,especially as they age (even from day to day after birth) or acrossbreeds. A piglet, for example, that is one day old sounds very differentthan a piglet two, three, or four days old. Piglets of different breedssound different too. Furthermore, when such devices are put intopractice where there are dozens of sows and hundreds of piglets in anenclosed confinement building comprising a myriad of structures,concrete floor, and aluminum and steel siding and frame, the acousticsof the confinement building present a non-trivial problem to overcome.

SUMMARY

Disclosed is a warning system and method for preventing injury tofeeders by a mother in an animal farrowing location. The system includesa vibratory detector for detecting a vibratory signal from one or morefeeders. A processor is in communication with the vibratory detector andconfigured for determining from at least one characteristic of thevibratory signal a possible action event, and for determining from apattern of possible action events a likely action event. A warningdevice is in communication with the processor for providing an output inresponse to the likely action event. In an embodiment, the at least onecharacteristic of the vibratory signal can comprise the frequency ormagnitude of the vibratory signal.

An analog-to-digital converter (“ADC”) can be provided for digitizingthe vibratory signal from the vibratory detector to create a digitizedvibratory signal. A time-to-frequency domain (“TFD”) converter can alsobe provided for converting the digitized vibratory signal to a frequencydomain representation of the digitized vibratory signal.

In the system and method, a possible action event can be determined fromthe frequency domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal. Apossible action event can occur when the peak magnitude of the pluralityof frequency bands is a multiple of the relative magnitude of theplurality of frequency bands and when the peak energy is a multiple ofthe relative magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands, and when theaverage amplitude is a percent greater than the average amplitude. Inone implementation, the peak magnitude of the plurality of frequencybands is four time the relative magnitude of the plurality of frequencybands, the peak energy is three times the relative magnitude of theplurality of frequency bands, and the average amplitude is at leastfifty percent greater than the average amplitude.

From a collection of possible action events, the system can examine fora pattern of possible action events that are indicative of a likelyaction event. The pattern can be in the form of a predetermined averagenumber of feeder squeal events and feeder non-squeal events per second.In one implementation, the predetermined average number of feeder squealevents and feeder non-squeal events per second is at least five-sixthsand less than or equal to two-and-one-half, for a period of time notless than five seconds and not more than fifteen seconds.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a farrowing pen with a warning systemfor preventing injury to feeders by a mother in an animal farrowinglocation.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system for preventing injury to feedersby a mother in an animal farrowing location shown generally in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating hardware components ofthe processor of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart for processing that can be used for preventinginjury to feeders by a mother in an animal farrowing location.

FIG. 5A is a smoothed magnitude waveform of possible action events.

FIG. 5B is a likely action event of a ‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ signal.

FIG. 6A is a front, perspective view of a waveguide using a fixed anglefor the sidewalls of the waveguide, according to an implementation ofthis disclosure.

FIG. 6B is a front, perspective view of a waveguide using a varyingangle for the sidewalls of the waveguide.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed is a system and method for preventing injury to feeders by amother in an animal farrowing location. Feeder(s) throughout thisdisclosure refers to a baby animal, such as a piglet, calf, lamb or thelike that is nursing from its mother. The system is intended to reducethe incidence of feeder mortality due to “lay-ons” (i.e., when a feederis underneath the mother and becomes trapped when she lies down). Thisis accomplished by stimulating the mother to stand up with anirritation, such as a physical irritation like an electric shock orvibration, or an auditory or visual irritation, when the system ormethod detects a likely action event, such as a squeal, tremor,convulsion, etc., that is indicative of the feeder being in danger. Theillustrated embodiment with accompanying disclosure is directed todetecting a piglet squeal that is indicative of the piglet being laidupon by its mother, with the understanding that the system and methodherein described are applicable for other types of nursing animals in atime period from birth until weaning, corresponding to the farrowingperiod in swine operations.

It has been found that a piglet in distress from being laid upon squealswith a specific frequency, magnitude and duration in a specific pattern.The system and method herein described detects a likely action event(e.g., piglet squeals that are indicative of the piglet being laid uponby its mother) from a pattern of possible action events (e.g., squealswith at least one characteristic indicative of the piglet being laidupon by its mother, wherein the characteristics are frequency,magnitude, and duration of the squeal). The pattern is a predeterminednumber of cycles between a feeder squeal event, and a feeder non-squealevent where a feeder squeal event refers to the sound that a pigletmakes in distress from being laid upon and a feeder non-squeal eventrefers to a breath or other noise or squeal from a piglet not indicativeof a squeal event of a piglet being laid upon.

With respect to a particular breed of domesticated piglets, it has beenfound that the predetermined number of cycles of squeal events andnon-squeal events to indicate a likely action event is at least sevenand less than or equal to twenty in eight seconds. This predeterminedpattern between squeal events and non-squeal events may hold true forall, some, or no other breeds of piglets and other feeders; however, oneskilled in the art would recognize and be able to adapt thepredetermined number of cycles of squeal events and non-squeal events tocorrespond with other breeds of piglets or other types of feeders, ifnecessary. Based on this pattern of predetermined number of cycles ofsqueal events and non-squeal events, the system and method can reactwith the cooperation of a warning device to provide an output to themother in response to the likely action event.

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a farrowing pen 102 with a warningsystem 100 for preventing injury to feeders 104 by a mother 106 in ananimal farrowing location.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of warning system 100 of FIG. 1. Warningsystem 100 includes a vibratory detector 110 that detects a vibratorysignal from one or more feeders 104 in farrowing pen 102. Vibratorydetector 110 can be a microphone, laser, accelerometer, strain gauge orother type of vibratory sensor that responds to acoustic pressure orvibration created by feeders 104 when squealing. In the illustratedembodiment, vibratory detector 110 can be one or two microphonespositioned near feeders 104 in a portable housing 113 (shown in FIG. 1).

An analog preprocessor 112 preprocesses the vibratory signal detected byvibratory detector 110 before it is converted into a digital signal byan analog-to-digital convertor (“ADC”) 114. Analog preprocessor 112 caninclude any number of analog devices, such as a series of low pass orband-pass filters tuned for a pass-bad corresponding substantially tothe frequency range for the squealing piglet (1500 to 4500 Hertz for adomesticated piglet (and any value in between), and amplifiers, such asa low-noise amplifier (LNA) to enhance noise figure performance of theremaining circuitry to further help define the vibratory signal andfilter ambient acoustical signals, which may heterodyne onto the targetsignal. In addition, if the signal is very weak, other conventionalsignal processing equipment, such as a lock-in amplifier could be usedto pull the signal out of the background noise. Alternatively, analogpreprocessor 112 can be omitted and the vibratory signal can besufficiently enhanced through digital signal processing techniques,including digital filtering and amplification. A closed loop systembetween a processor 118 (discussed below) and analog preprocessor 112can provide feedback to dynamically modify the filtering characteristicsof analog preprocessor 112 to improve squeal detection.

The digital representation of the vibratory signal is processed by atime-to-frequency domain (TFD) converter 116 to derive the frequencycontents of the vibratory signal. TFD converter 116 is preprogrammedwith instructions for performing a Fourier spectral analysis, such as anFFT (Fast Fourier Transform) or FHT (Fast Hartley Transform), or anyother Fourier series decomposition technique. The frequency contents ofthe vibratory signal are transposed in approximately forty bands offrequencies extending throughout the range of interest of 1500 to 4500Hertz (Hz) corresponding to the acoustical range of a piglet. The numberof bands depends upon the sampling frequency. Other feeders 104 may havea different acoustical range.

A processor 118 is provided for processing the spectral representationof the vibratory signal in the form of a frequency-domain representationof a digitized vibratory signal from ADC 114. The frequency-domainrepresentation of the digitized vibratory signal when decomposed by TFD116 with an FFT transform function at a sampling rate of 44,100 and 256samples per set produces 128 frequency bins (wherein a bin is a spectrumsample that defines the frequency resolution). Any useful informationrelating to a feeder squeal event or a feeder non-squeal event will befound in the bins of interest. With a sampling rate of 44.1K Sa/s and256 samples, the first forty bins (approximately) comprise the bins ofinterest. These bins of interest comprise a conversion set that is usedfor analysis.

A clock 120 provides to processor 118 timing information for thefrequency-domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal. Thetiming information includes a time stamp, which can be to the nearestone-ten-thousandth of a second for each conversion set.

Processor 118 is configured determining from at least one characteristicof the vibratory signal a possible action event. The characteristics ofthe vibratory signal can be the frequency, magnitude, and duration ofthe vibratory signal, or any combination of two or more of thosecharacteristics. In one implementation, from the frequency-domainrepresentation of the digitized vibratory signal, a possible actionevent can be calculated by processor 118 from a relative magnitude of aplurality of frequency bands from the frequency-domain representation ofthe digitized vibratory signal. In this regard, the possible actionevent can occur when (i) the peak magnitude of the plurality offrequency bands is a multiple of the relative magnitude of the pluralityof frequency bands from the frequency-domain representation of thedigitized vibratory signal, (ii) the peak energy of the frequency-domainrepresentation of the digitized vibratory signal is a multiple of therelative magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands from thefrequency-domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal, and(iii) the average amplitude of the frequency domain representation ofthe digitized vibratory signal is a greater percentage than an averageamplitude for a plurality of prior frequency domain representations ofthe digitized vibratory signal. In one implementation, the peakmagnitude of the plurality of frequency bands is four time the relativemagnitude of the plurality of frequency bands, the peak energy is threetimes the relative magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands, andthe average amplitude is at least fifty percent greater than the averageamplitude.

The conversion set comprising of the bins of interest can also includetime domain information, comprising of an average and a peak soundpressure level of the vibratory signal before conversion into thefrequency-domain representation of a digitized vibratory signal.

Also, included in the conversion set are other frequency-domain datacomprising of the average magnitude of all the frequency bands in theconversion set, the actual magnitudes of each of the predefined targetedband of frequencies (e.g., the 1500 to 4500 Hz frequency range), theaverage magnitude of all the frequency bands (“average magnitude”), theaverage magnitude of the targeted frequency bands (e.g., 1500-4500 Hz)(“average target magnitude”), and the peak magnitude of any of thetargeted frequency bands (“peak magnitude”), wherein the “band number”of the frequency band which contained the peak magnitude is the “peakband.” The average of the magnitude of three frequency bands centered onthe peak band contains information about the average energy related tothe peak band.

A data smoothing function can be used to reduce the large amount ofrandom measurement error and smooth out the data to remove glitches andother stray artifacts and noise from the signal. Each possible actionevent is grouped chronologically to create a parametric time slice. Theparametric time slice can be any length of time sufficient to reduce themeasurement error, glitches, stray artifacts and noise. In oneimplementation, a parametric time slice is less than or equal to 0.1seconds, which depends on the speed of the processor. From eachparametric time slice, a sum of possible action events can be determinedfrom the average values of the parameters discussed above that are ineach conversion set. A buffer is provided to store the sum of possibleaction events from the successive parametric time slices to create atime-domain representation of the possible action events, which is usedto determine the likely action events, in one implementation, the buffercontinually stores data from the last eight seconds (but preferably noless than five seconds or more than fifteen seconds), and processor 118determines the likely action event from the pattern of possible actionevents contained within the buffer.

Processor 118 can provide data from the buffer back to the analogpre-processor to adjust for noise or other signal artifacts found in thecontents of the buffer. The sequence of parametric time slices can besubjected to a secondary TFD process, which then determines that alikely action event is occurring if there is a peak frequency anywherein the range 0.4 to 1.2 Hz, and if the magnitude of that peak frequencyis at least three times the average magnitude of all the frequency bandsin that secondary TFD process.

In another implementation, the contents of the buffer can be reviewed inthe time-domain to identify a likely action event. With reference toFIGS. 5A and 5B, a signal level 502, a squeal-begin threshold level 504,and a squeal-end threshold level 506 are shown in FIG. 5A, and the‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ signal 508 is shown in FIG. 5B. A likely actionevent occurs according to the following pattern: (i) signal level 502increases to a level that is greater than the programmable andpredetermined action event (e.g. ‘lay-on squeal’) squeal-begin thresholdlevel 504 for a period of time; during this time, there is a timer(‘squeal timer’) that starts counting the time slices for a ‘squeal’:(ii) the signal level decreases to a level that is less than theprogrammable and predetermined action event (e.g. ‘lay-on breath’)squeal-end threshold level 506 (which is always less than the thresholdfor a squeal-begin 504, to allow for hysteresis), there is a timer(‘non-squeal timer’) that starts counting time slices for a‘non-squeal;’ and (iii) after all time slices in the buffer have beenprocessed, the total number of ‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ cycles in‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ signal 508 are checked by processor 118 todetermine whether the number of cycles is at least 0.4 squeals but nomore than 1.2 squeals per second (or any range in between), for thesequence of time slices in the buffer comprising no less than a fivesecond or more than fifteen second timespan (or any range in-between)into the past from the current time.

Processor 118 can perform error checking on the likely action event sothat the probability of a likely action event is more certain. Upon alikely action event (e.g., when there are between 7 and 20 (inclusive)‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ cycles), two or more factors can be checked: (i)whether the average ‘squeal’-to-‘non-squeal’ ratio is at least one(i.e., the non-squeal is of shorter duration than the squeal); and (ii)whether the peak length of a ‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ cycle is no more than1.5 times the length of the average ‘squeal’-‘non-squeal’ cycle in thissequence. If the answer to these two factors is yes, then there is anincreased probability that the likely action event is an actual actionevent, i.e. that the likely action event corresponds to an actual lay-onof the squealing feeder.

Warning system 100 further comprises of a warning device 130 incommunication with processor 118 for providing an output in response tothe likely action event. Warning device 130 stimulates the mother tostand up with an irritation such as an electric shock or vibration, oran auditory or visual irritation. In one implementation, warning device130 comprises of a “prod” with at least one electrode in contact withthe skin of the mother to deliver an electric shock. Warning device 130can be configured to deliver a multi-stage output wherein a first stageoutput is an initial irritation to the mother, wherein a second stageoutput is a stronger irritation. The initial and stronger irritationscan be any combination of a vibration or an electric shock.

Warning device 130 can comprise a bi-directional transceiver forcommunication with processor 118 over a connection 123 for communicatingto processor 118 an “I'm Okay” signal indicative of warning devicefunctioning properly. The “I'm Okay” signal can also provide aconfirmation to processor 118 that the action event was received and theoutput in response to the action event was provided to the mother. The“I'm Okay” signal can also include a low battery status alert.

Warning device 130 can be recharged wirelessly in eight hours or lesswhile placed on a recharging platform. Furthermore, warning device 130can be paired with processor 118 by sending a special pairingidentification command while placed upon a charging platform, afterwhich warning device 130 confirms with both a wireless response toprocessor 118 and a visual confirmation to the operator by blinking thestatus LED indicator rapidly.

In one implementation, warning device 130 is housed in a belt unit thatis worn around the mid-section of the mother. The belt unit can containbiometric sensors; for example, the belt unit can contain a heartbeatsignal to provide visual indication that the belt unit with warningdevice 130 is ready to receive a signal and conserving power with theindicator light flashing once every one to five seconds in 50 ms bursts.The belt unit can also contain a temperature sensor to monitor the skintemperature of the mother, a multi-axis gyroscope to monitor relativeattitude of the mother, which can be used to determine whether themother is standing up or lying down, an accelerometer to monitor motionand any changes in motion, which can be used to determine how active themother is and to approximate the position and directional attitude ofthe mother, and an RFID for identification. This biometric sensor datacan be sent to processor 118 for later analysis or for downloading bythe operator. Warning device 130 can be attached to the mother in anumber of different manners. Warning device 130 can be configured withan ear tag, worn as an ankle device, surgically implanted, or attachedto the skin with medical grade adhesive, stitches, or staples. To theextent that warning device 130 provides an auditory or visualirritation, which does not need to be in contact with the mother foreffectiveness, warning device 130 can be positioned proximate to themother to provide the irritation without irritating other animals.

In another implementation, a master controller 122 can be provided.Master controller 122 can perform all, some, or none of the processingfunctions of processor 118. In one implementation, master controller 122can communicate with multiple warning systems 100 in a confinementbuilding. Processor 118 can communicate with master controller 122 overa wired or wireless connection 124. For a wireless connection 124, aWi-Fi or any other wireless protocol that allows for relatively highbandwidth (64 to 512 Kbps from each processor 118). In oneimplementation, the 5 GHz frequency band can be used instead of a 2.4GHz frequency band to minimize interference with other wireless devicesin the area.

Master controller 122 can store data received from processor 118,vibratory detector 110, or any other biometric detector that could beused on the feeder or its mother. In this regard, master controller 122can serve as a database and data-management server for confinementoperator, either through applications on master controller 122, orthrough mobile applications created for the operator to use remotely ona tablet, smartphone or other mobile device.

Master controller 122 can also allow or override likely action eventsdetermined by processor 118 when the processor 118 of other warningsystems 100 have pending likely action events at approximately the sametime to increase the accuracy of each warning system 100. In oneimplementation, master controller 122 can communicate with processors118 of other warning systems 100 to receive notifications of impendinglikely action events. If processor 118 for more than one warning system100 indicates a likely action event within 100 ms of each other, mastercontroller 122 can query the sound pressure level and timestamp fromeach warning system 100, and invalidate all but the likely action eventsoriginating from warning system 100 with the earliest timestamp. Also,if multiple warning systems 100 communicate a timestamp that is within 2ms of the earliest timestamp, then master controller 122 can invalidateall the likely action events from each of warning system 100 with suchtimestamps, except for warning system 100 that communicates the highestsound pressure level.

In another implementation, master controller 122 can communicatewirelessly over connection 125 with each vibratory detector 110 ofwarning systems 100. Master controller 122 can receive data from eachvibratory detector and perform all the various other functions describedin warning system 100.

In one implementation, warning system 100 can be provided in portablehousing 113 (shown in FIG. 1). In an embodiment where vibratory detector110 is a microphone, portable housing 113 can comprise a waveguide 600(shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B) to guide the sound waves to the microphone toimprove the accuracy of warning system 100. To further improve theaccuracy of warning system 100, two microphones can be used andpositioned in waveguide 600 of portable housing 113. With the twomicrophones, processor 118 can determine a time difference of arrivalbetween the vibratory signals arriving at each of the two microphones todetermine a relative position of at least one of the feeders withrespect to the two microphones.

Portable housing 113 with waveguide 600, as shown in FIG. 6A, orwaveguide 650, as shown in FIG. 6B, can have two vibratory detectors 110positioned in corresponding receiving holes 602 in a front surface 604of waveguide 600. In each implementation, front surface 604 is at thebottom of a recessed area 606 that forms an aural waveguide that can bein the shape of a dome, horn or any other shape that accepts an auralvibratory signal from the front of, and below, waveguide 600 whileblocking spurious sounds from the sides and above waveguide 600.

Recessed area 606 of waveguide 600 or waveguide 650 can be bounded atthe top by a roof 608 to block noise or other spurious sounds from abovewaveguide 600. in waveguide 600, recessed area 606 can be bounded by twowalls 610, 612. Wall 610 is on the right side of waveguide 600 and isangled away with respect to front surface 604 at an angle slightlygreater than zero degrees to ninety degrees (and any angle in between).Wall 612 is on the left side of waveguide 600 and is angled away withrespect to front surface 604 at an angle slightly greater than zerodegrees to ninety degrees (and any angle in between). The angle of wall610 and wall 612 should be small enough to accept sounds from the targetfeeders 104 directly in front of waveguide 600, and up to approximatelytwo feet to the left and right of waveguide 600. The bottom of recessedarea 606 can be left open to accept a maximum aural vibratory signalfrom the target feeders 104 in the area directly in front of and belowwaveguide 600, Recessed area 606 can be one to four inches deep (and anyvalue in between), but a depth of 2.5 inches and wall 610 and wall 612each angled at substantially near 45 degrees is particularlyadvantageous.

In waveguide 650, recessed area 606 can be one to four inches deep (orany value in between), with a preferred depth of 1 inch. Recessed area606 can also have an angle from the deepest part of recessed area 606 toeither wall varying from 180 (or 0) degrees at the deepest part, anddecreasing to a minimum angle of 90 degrees at either wall 610, 612,with the preferred minimum angle at each wall 610, 612 of 135 degrees.

In another implementation, portable housing 113 can also contain atemperature sensor and an AC outlet that can be used to plug in aresistive heating device, for example, a heat lamp. The temperaturesensor can comprise a P-N junction device with digital output for fastand accurate detection of temperature. The temperature sensor can bephysically positioned either on the bottom or side of portable housing113 to measure the ambient temperature of the floor area of thefarrowing pen where the feeders are located. A heat lamp can becontrolled by a zero-crossing solid-state relay (SSR/ZC) to change thepower level only when the current is zero to minimize electromagneticinterference and also extend the life of the heating device. In thisimplementation, processor 118 can adjust the power going to the ACoutlet and the heating device, with at least three and up to 100 powerlevels or more from 0-20% for ‘full-off’ to 90-100% for ‘full-on’. Powerchanges are accomplished gradually by taking at least 30 seconds to gofrom ‘full-off’ to ‘full-on’, and at least 30 seconds to go from‘full-on’ to ‘full-off’. In one example, the target temperature can beset initially to 88 degrees Fahrenheit. Processor 118 can contain anoption for the operator to change the target temperature on-site throughthe use of two waterproof switches (Up, Down) connected to processor 118(this could also be done on a user interface on master controller 122).A 2-digit readout can be provided on portable housing 112 to show theambient temperature or the desired target temperature. The ambienttemperature of the farrowing pen can also be stored in non-volatilesecondary storage or communicated to master controller 122 for analysis.A user interface on master controller 122 can also show the operatorwhat the relative temperatures are of each farrowing pen in theconfinement at any given time, for better reporting and control of theroom environment. Comfort lighting could also be provided for times whenno heat is needed. The comfort lighting could be provided by one or moreLEDs controlled by processor 118 (or master controller 122). Thiscomfort lighting could be aimed at the area where the feeders normallyrest to attract them away from the mother to avoid the danger of beinglaid on, even when there is no need for the heat lamp to be turned on.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary computing platform for executing theprocessing function necessary to derive, calculate, and perform theabove functions that are described as being carried out on processor 118and master controller 122. In one implementation, a processor 300comprises a system including central processing unit (CPU) 312, a systemmemory 304, network interface 306 and one or more software applicationsand drivers enabling or implementing the methods and functions describedherein. Hardware system includes a standard I/O bus 308 with I/O Ports310 and mass storage 313 (which can also be a non-volatile Flash Memory)coupled thereto. Bridge 316 couples CPU 312 to I/O bus 308. The hardwaresystem may further include video memory and display device 315 coupledto the video memory. These elements are intended to represent a broadcategory of computer hardware systems, including but not limited togeneral-purpose computer systems based on the Pentium processormanufactured by Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif., as well as anyother suitable processor.

Elements of the computer hardware system perform their conventionalfunctions known in the art. In particular, network interface 306 is usedto provide communication between CPU 312 and Ethernet networks (or anyother network or external device, including master controller 122 orother processors 118). Mass storage 313 can be provided and used toprovide permanent storage for the data and programming instructions toperform the above-described functions implementing the test to becarried, whereas system memory 304 (e.g., DRAM) is used to providetemporary storage for the data and programming instructions whenexecuted by CPU 312. I/O ports 310 are one or more serial and/orparallel communication ports used to provide communication betweenadditional peripheral devices, such as ADC 108 and vibratory detector110.

Processor 300 may include a variety of system architectures, and variouscomponents of CPU 300 may be rearranged. For example, cache 314 may beon-chip with CPU 312. Alternatively, cache 314 and CPU 312 may be packedtogether as a “processor module,” with CPU 312 being referred to as the“processor core.” Furthermore, certain implementations of the claimedembodiments may not require nor include all the above components. Also,additional components may be included, such as additional processors,storage devices, or memories.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of overall processing that can be used insystems and methods for preventing injury to feeders by a mother in ananimal farrowing location. In 402, processing can begin. In 404, atleast one vibratory detector 110 detects a vibratory signal emanatingfrom a feeder 104. In 406, processor 118 derives at least onecharacteristic the vibratory signal. In 408, processor 118 determinesfrom the at least one characteristic of the vibratory signal a possibleaction event. In 410, processor 118 determines from a pattern ofpossible action events a likely action event. In 412, a warning deviceprovides an output in response to the action event. There after themethod can repeat or end at 414.

The possible action event can be a squeal from a feeder indicative ofthe feeder being laid upon by the mother, and the likely action eventcan be a pattern of squeals and non-squeals indicative of the feederbeing laid upon by the mother.

The method can further comprise translating the vibratory signal to afrequency-domain representation of a digitized vibratory signal andderiving therefrom an average sound pressure level, a peak soundpressure level, a plurality of frequency bands, an average magnitude ofthe plurality of frequency bands, and a peak magnitude of the pluralityof frequency bands.

The method can further comprise calculating with processor 118 arelative magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands from thefrequency-domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal, andwherein the action event can comprise the peak magnitude of theplurality of frequency bands being at least four times the relativemagnitude of the plurality of frequency bands from the frequency-domainrepresentation of the digitized vibratory signal, a peak energy of thefrequency-domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal beingat least three times the relative magnitude of the plurality offrequency bands from the frequency-domain representation of thedigitized vibratory signal, and an average amplitude of the frequencydomain representation of the digitized vibratory signal is at leastfifty percent greater than an average amplitude for a plurality of priorfrequency domain representations of the digitized vibratory signal. Thepattern of possible action events can be a predetermined number ofcycles comprising a feeder squeal event and a feeder non-squeal event,and wherein the predetermined number of cycles can further comprise anaverage ratio of the squeal event and the non-squeal event that is atleast one and a peak length of a one of the predetermined number ofcycles is less than 1.5 times a length of an average of each of thefeeder squeal event and the feeder non-squeal event in the predeterminednumber of cycles.

Reference has been made to several components throughout this disclosureas though each component is a unique component. The various systems,converters, processors and controllers can be incorporated into one ormore other systems, converters, processors and controllers therebyreducing the number of components; for example, analog preprocessor 112,ADC 114, TFD converter 116 can reside in processor 118. Otherimplementations and configurations are also contemplated, as discussedfurther below.

With respect to vibratory detector 110, the following implementationsare also contemplated. In one implementation, vibratory detector 110 isa microphone that is mounted on the inside of the outside wall ofportable housing 113 containing warning system 100. The microphone isaimed in the direction of the mother and the feeders feeding on the sowfor receiving the audio sound through a hole in the outside wall. Inanother implementation, two microphones are mounted together as an “xymicrophone assembly” at 90 degrees to each other, and located on aphysical mounting pylon extending in front of the surface of the outsidewall of the housing for warning system 100, and at the midpoint of theoutside wall. The microphones are aimed in the direction of the motherand the feeders. This implementation has the effect of increasingsensitivity to audio sounds coming from directly in front of themicrophones, compared to any other direction. Alternatively, twomicrophones can be mounted in an “alternate xy” configuration to theinside face of the outside wall of the housing for warning system 100for receiving the audio signal through a hole in the wall immediately infront of each microphone, but the wall takes the shape of a “dome” or“horn.” Each of the two microphones is mounted at the furthermost pointto the left and to the right, respectively for each of the twomicrophones, of the midpoint of the outside wall, such that eachmicrophone is mounted at a 45-degree angle to the lengthwise plane ofthe outside wall, so that the plane of each microphone is at a 90-degreeangle with the plane of the other microphone.

To increase the signal-to-noise ratio, especially in the direction ofthe target where the microphone is aimed, the back side of any wall uponwhich the microphone is mounted, will have a plate of lead or othervibration or resonance-deadening material to reduce the “liveliness” ofthe wall throughout the audio spectrum, as well as other sound-deadeningmaterials such as, but not limited to, fabric or foam material toattenuate any sound coming from the side or rear direction, with respectto the direction the microphone is aimed.

In another implementation, an omnidirectional microphone is attacheddirectly on the belt unit, which is mounted on the mother. As it isactually attached to the sow, this location will provide the closestlocation to a laid-on piglet and furthest from piglets in other pens,reducing the incidence of false positives. Alternatively, a directionalmicrophone can be mounted to the inside of the belt worn by the mother,at the point at the top of the belt that is closest to the spine of themother. This location provides direct transmission of the squeal of thelaid-on feeder, through the principle of bone conduction of sound,especially when the feeder's squeal is muffled by the body of the motherwhen the feeder is completely covered by the mother. In anotheralternative, a sound horn can be affixed to a directional microphonewith the resulting assembly working similarly to a stethoscope, exceptthat it creates an electronic signal and is known as a stethophone. Thisstethophone is attached to the inside surface of the belt unit worn bythe mother in a position that best makes direct contact with the skin ofthe mother. Because laid-on feeders are also in direct contact with themother, the squeals from the laid-on feeders will carry a much strongersignal to the stethophone. In this way, signals from any other animalnot in direct contact with the mother is much fainter, which virtuallyeliminates the incidence of false positives.

Reference may also have been made throughout this disclosure to “oneembodiment,” “an embodiment,” or “embodiments” meaning that a particulardescribed feature, structure, or characteristic is included in at leastone embodiment of the present invention. Thus, usage of such phrases mayrefer to more than just one embodiment. Furthermore, the describedfeatures, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitablemanner in one or more embodiments.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and describedwith reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it should be understoodby those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes,substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention as embodied by the appended claimsand their equivalents.

1. A warning system for preventing injury to feeders by a mother in ananimal farrowing location, the system comprising: a vibratory detectorfor detecting a vibratory signal from one or more feeders; a processorin communication with the vibratory detector configured for determiningfrom at least one characteristic of the vibratory signal a possibleaction event and for determining from a pattern of possible actionevents a likely action event; and a warning device in communication withthe processor for providing an output in response to the likely actionevent.
 2. The warning system of claim 1, wherein the at least onecharacteristic of the vibratory signal comprises at least one chosenfrom a frequency and a magnitude of the vibratory signal.
 3. The warningsystem of claim 1, and further comprising an analog-to-digital converter(“ADC”) for digitizing the vibratory signal from the vibratory detectorand creating a digitized vibratory signal and a time-to-frequency domain(“TFD”) converter for converting the digitized vibratory signal to afrequency domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal. 4.The warning system of claim 3, and further comprising a clock forproviding a timing information for the frequency domain representationof the digitized vibratory signal.
 5. The warning system of claim 4,wherein the frequency domain representation of the digitized vibratorysignal comprises of an average sound pressure level, a peak soundpressure level, the timing information, a plurality of frequency bands,an average magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands, and a peakmagnitude of the plurality of frequency bands.
 6. The warning system ofclaim 5, wherein the frequency domain representation of the digitizedvibratory signal comprises an average target magnitude comprising anaverage magnitude of a predefined targeted band of frequencies.
 7. Thewarning system of claim 6, wherein the predefined targeted band offrequencies is between 1500 HZ and 4500 HZ.
 8. The warning system ofclaim 5, wherein the processor calculates a relative magnitude of theplurality of frequency bands from the frequency domain representation ofthe digitized vibratory signal, and wherein the action event comprisesthe peak magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands being a multipleof the relative magnitude of the plurality of frequency bands from thefrequency domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal, apeak energy of the frequency domain representation of the digitizedvibratory signal is a multiple of the relative magnitude of theplurality of frequency bands from the frequency domain representation ofthe digitized vibratory signal, and an average amplitude of thefrequency domain representation of the digitized vibratory signal is apercent greater than an average amplitude for a plurality of priorfrequency domain representations of the digitized vibratory signal. 9.The warning system of claim 1, wherein the pattern of possible actionevents is a predetermined average number of cycles per second, whereineach cycle comprising a feeder squeal event and a feeder non-squealevent.
 10. The warning system of claim 9, wherein the predeterminedaverage number of cycles per second is at least five-sixths and lessthan or equal to two-and-one-half, for a period of time not less thanfive seconds and not more than fifteen seconds.
 11. The warning systemof claim 10, wherein the predetermined number of cycles furthercomprises an average ratio of the squeal event to the non-squeal eventis at least one and a peak length of one of the predetermined number ofcycles is less than 1.5 times a length of an average of each of thefeeder squeal event and the feeder non-squeal event in the predeterminednumber of cycles.
 12. The warning system of claim 1, wherein the warningdevice is a belt worn by the mother, wherein the output is a multi-stageoutput wherein a first stage output is an initial irritation to themother, wherein a second stage output is a stronger irritation, whereinthe irritation is a vibration or electric shock.
 13. The warning systemof claim 12, wherein the warning device comprises a bi-directionaltransceiver for communication with the processor for communicating tothe processor an “I'm Okay” signal indicative of the warning devicefunctioning properly.
 14. The warning system of claim 13, wherein theI'm Okay signal provides a confirmation to the processor that the actionevent was received and the output in response to the action event wasprovided to the mother, and wherein the I'm Okay signal includes a lowbattery status alert.
 15. The warning system of claim 1, and furthercomprising a portable housing for the vibratory detector and theprocessor, wherein the portable housing comprises of a waveguide, andwhere the vibratory detector comprises two microphones positioned in thewaveguide, and the waveguide comprises of a recessed area converging ona front surface in a front of the waveguide and a left wall and a rightwall with each of the left wall and the right wall at substantially neara forty five degree angle with respect to the front surface and a depthof the recessed area of substantially near 2.5 inches.
 16. The warningsystem of claim 15, wherein the processor further determines a timedifference of arrival between the vibratory signal arriving at each ofthe two microphones to determine a relative position of at least one ofthe feeders with respect to the two microphones.
 17. The warning systemof claim 1, wherein the vibratory detector is in direct contact with themother to detect the vibratory signal from the feeders through themother.
 18. The warning system of claim 17, wherein the vibratorydetector is a stethophone.
 19. A method for preventing injury to feedersby a mother in an animal farrowing location, the method comprising:detecting with a vibratory detector a vibratory signal from one or morefeeders; deriving with a processor at least one characteristic of thevibratory signal; determining with the processor from the at least onecharacteristic of the vibratory signal a possible action event;determining with the processor from a pattern of possible action eventsa likely action event; and providing with a warning device an output inresponse to the action event.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the atleast one characteristic of the vibratory signal comprises at least onechosen from a frequency and a magnitude of the vibratory signal, and themethod further comprises: translating the vibratory signal to afrequency domain representation of a digitized vibratory signal andderiving therefrom an average sound pressure level, a peak soundpressure level, a plurality of frequency bands, an average magnitude ofthe plurality of frequency bands, and a peak magnitude of the pluralityof frequency bands; and calculating with the processor a relativemagnitude of the plurality of frequency bands from the frequency domainrepresentation of the digitized vibratory signal, and wherein the actionevent comprises the peak magnitude of the plurality of frequency bandsbeing a multiple of the relative magnitude of the plurality of frequencybands from the frequency domain representation of the digitizedvibratory signal, a peak energy of the frequency domain representationof the digitized vibratory signal being a multiple of the averagemagnitude of the plurality of frequency bands from the frequency domainrepresentation of the digitized vibratory signal, and an averagemagnitude of the frequency domain representation of the digitizedvibratory signal is a percent greater than an average magnitude for aplurality of all frequency domain representations of the digitizedvibratory signal; wherein the possible action event is a squeal from afeeder indicative of the feeder being laid upon by the mother, andwherein the likely action event is a pattern of squeals and non-squealsindicative of the feeder being laid upon by the mother; and wherein thepattern of possible action events is a predetermined number of cyclesbetween a feeder squeal event and a feeder non-squeal event, and whereinthe predetermined number of cycles further comprises an average ratio ofthe squeal event and the non-squeal event is at least one and a peaklength of a one of the predetermined number of cycles is less than 1.5times a length of an average of each of the feeder squeal event and thefeeder non-squeal event in the predetermined number of cycles.